Community medicine

SAQ of concept of health and disease 

1. **Human Development Index (HDI):** A composite index that measures a country's average achievements in three basic aspects of human development: longevity, knowledge, and a decent standard of living.

2. **Theories of Causation of Diseases:** These theories explain how diseases occur. Examples include the germ theory, which suggests that diseases are caused by microorganisms, and the multifactorial theory, which states that diseases result from the interaction of multiple factors.

3. **Indicators of Health:** Measures used to assess the health status of individuals or populations, such as mortality rates, life expectancy, morbidity rates, and quality of life indicators.

4. **Dimensions of Health:** Various aspects of health, including physical, mental, social, and emotional well-being.

5. **Iceberg Phenomenon of Disease:** Describes the concept that only a small proportion of cases of a particular disease are visible or clinically evident, while the majority of cases remain hidden or subclinical.

6. **Community Diagnosis and Treatment:** The process of identifying health problems within a community and implementing interventions to address them.

7. **Epidemiological Triad:** A model that illustrates the interaction between an agent, host, and environment in the development of disease.

8. **Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI):** An index that measures the quality of life based on three indicators: life expectancy, infant mortality rate, and literacy rate.

9. **Levels of Prevention:** Strategies aimed at preventing the occurrence of disease or injury. These include primary prevention (preventing the onset of disease), secondary prevention (detecting and treating disease early), and tertiary prevention (reducing the impact of disease).

10. **Modes of Intervention:** Different approaches used to address health issues, such as health education, environmental modifications, vaccination programs, and policy changes.