Anatomy-1,muhs University solution 2023

Part-1

Brief Answer Question (Solve any 10 Out of 11) :- [10 * 2 = 20]

a) What is medial longitudinal fasciculus? Give its function

b) What is prenatal diagnosis? Give any two indications and techniques used for prenatal diagnosis

c) Give the anatomical basis of loss of taste sensation, after tonsillectomy.

d) Draw and label microscopic appearance of thyroid gland.

e) Enumerate any four structural abnormalities of chromosomes with examples.

f) Enlist the boundaries and contents of quadrangular space of the scapular region

g) What is ansa cervicalis? Enumerate muscles supplied by it.

h) Enumerate parts of lateral ventricle and give boundaries of the part in temporal lobe

i) What is decidua? Enumerate different parts of decidua

j) Enumerate the branches of Axillary artery

k) Give attachments, nerve supply and actions of Biceps brachii.

Answers :-

a) The medial longitudinal fasciculus is a pathway in the brainstem that coordinates eye movements with head movements. It helps in maintaining gaze stability during head movements.

b) Prenatal diagnosis involves identifying conditions or abnormalities in a fetus before birth. Two indications are genetic disorders and congenital abnormalities. Techniques include ultrasound and amniocentesis.

c) The loss of taste sensation after tonsillectomy can occur due to damage to the chorda tympani nerve, which carries taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.

d) Unfortunately, I can't draw images, but the thyroid gland's microscopic appearance shows follicles filled with colloid, lined by follicular cells.

e) Structural abnormalities of chromosomes include deletions (e.g., Cri-du-chat syndrome), duplications, inversions, and translocations (e.g., Down syndrome).

f) The quadrangular space in the scapular region is bounded by the teres major, teres minor, long head of the triceps, and surgical neck of the humerus. Contents include the axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery.

g) The ansa cervicalis is a loop of nerves formed by branches of the cervical plexus. It supplies muscles like the infrahyoid muscles: sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, and thyrohyoid.

h) The lateral ventricle consists of anterior horn, body, atrium, and temporal horn. The part in the temporal lobe is bounded by the hippocampus and the choroid fissure.

i) Decidua is the modified endometrium during pregnancy. Parts include decidua basalis, capsularis, and parietalis.

j) Branches of the Axillary artery include the superior thoracic artery, thoracoacromial artery, lateral thoracic artery, subscapular artery, and anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries.

k) The biceps brachii attaches to the scapula (long head) and the radius (short head), is supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve, and functions in forearm supination and elbow flexion.