Clinical case

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 The probable diagnosis for this case could be Esophageal Varices.


The physiological mechanism behind this condition involves portal hypertension due to liver cirrhosis, which leads to increased pressure in the portal vein. This increased pressure causes blood to reroute to smaller vessels, like esophageal varices, which are fragile and prone to bleeding. The altered clotting due to liver dysfunction exacerbates bleeding tendencies, leading to symptoms like nosebleeds, easy bruising, and dark, tarry stools due to the presence of blood (melena).

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